College of Cardinals
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College of Cardinals

As of Dec. 8, 2024, 140 of 253 cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority.

Pope Cardinal Electors
Pope John Paul II (1978-2005) 6
Pope Benedict XVI (2005-2013) 24
Pope Francis (2013-present) 110

 

The number of Cardinal electors by region

Cardinals by Region

NORTH AMERICA

Name Country Born Age Consistory Made Cardinal By Office
Michael F. Czerny, S.J. Canada July 18, 1946 78 October 5, 2019 Francis Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development
Thomas Christopher Collins Canada January 16, 1947 77 February 18, 2012 Benedict XVI Archbishop Emeritus of Toronto
Kevin Joseph Farrell United States September 2, 1947 77 November 19, 2016 Francis Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, the Family and Life and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church
Wilton Daniel Gregory United States December 7, 1947 76 November 28, 2020 Francis Archbishop of Washington
Raymond Leo Burke United States June 30, 1948 76 November 20, 2010 Benedict XVI Patron emeritus of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta
José Francisco Robles Ortega México March 2, 1949 75 November 24, 2007 Benedict XVI Archbishop of Guadalajara
Blase Joseph Cupich United States March 19, 1949 75 November 19, 2016 Francis Archbishop of Chicago
Daniel Nicholas DiNardo United States May 23, 1949 75 November 24, 2007 Benedict XVI Archbishop of Galveston-Houston
James Michael Harvey United States October 20, 1949 75 November 24, 2012 Benedict XVI Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of St. Paul Outside-the-Walls
Carlos Aguiar Retes Mexico January 9, 1950 74 November 19, 2016 Francis Archbishop of México
Timothy Michael Dolan United States February 6, 1950 74 February 18, 2012 Benedict XVI Archbishop of New York
Joseph William Tobin, C.SS.R. United States May 3, 1952 72 November 19, 2016 Francis Archbishop of Newark
Robert Walter McElroy United States February 5, 1954 70 August 27, 2022 Francis Bishop of San Diego
Robert Francis Prevost, O.S.A. United States September 14, 1955 69 September 30, 2023 Francis Prefect of the Dicastery for Bishops
Gérald Cyprien Lacroix, I.S.P.X. Canada July 27, 1957 67 February 22, 2014 Francis Archbishop of Québec
Francis Leo Canada June 30, 1971 53 December 8, 2024 Francis Archbishop of Toronto

 

SOUTH AMERICA

Name Country Born Age Consistory Made Cardinal By Office
Celestino Aós Braco, O.F.M. Cap. Chile April 6, 1945 79 November 28, 2020 Francis Archbishop Emeritus of Santiago de Chile
João Bráz de Aviz Brazil April 24, 1947 77 February 18, 2012 Benedict XVI Prefect of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
Alvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri Guatemala July 16, 1947 77 October 5, 2019 Francis Bishop of Huehuetenango
Mario Aurelio Poli Argentina November 29, 1947 76 February 22, 2014 Francis Archbishop Emeritus of Buenos Aires
Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez Cuba July 11, 1948 76 October 5, 2019 Francis Archbishop of San Cristobal de la Habana
Leopoldo José Brenes Solórzano Nicaragua March 7, 1949 75 February 22, 2014 Francis Archbishop of Managua
Odilo Pedro Scherer Brazil September 21, 1949 75 November 24, 2007 Benedict XVI Archbishop of São Paulo
Carlos Gustavo Castillo Mattasoglio Peru February 28, 1950 74 December 8, 2024 Francis Archbishop of Lima
Orani João Tempesta, O. Cist. Brazil June 23, 1950 74 February 22, 2014 Francis Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro
Leonardo Ulrich Steiner, O.F.M. Brazil November 6, 1950 73 August 27, 2022 Francis Archbishop of Manaus
Adalberto Martínez Flores Paraguay July 8, 1951 73 August 27, 2022 Francis Archbishop of Asunción
Vicente Bokalic Iglic, C.M. Argentina June 11, 1952 72 December 8, 2024 Francis Archbishop of Santiago del Estero
Luis Gerardo Cabrera Herrera, O.F.M. Ecuador October 11, 1955 69 December 8, 2024 Francis Archbishop of Guayaquil
Fernando Natalio Chomalí Garib Chile March 10, 1957 67 December 8, 2024 Francis Archbishop of Santiago de Chile
Ángel Sixto Rossi, S.J. Argentina August 11, 1958 66 September 30, 2023 Francis Archbishop of Córdoba
Chibly Langlois Haïti November 29, 1958 65 February 22, 2014 Francis Bishop of Les Cayes
Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet, S.D.B. Uruguay July 4, 1959 65 February 14, 2015 Francis Archbishop of Montevideo
Sérgio da Rocha Brazil October 21, 1959 65 November 19, 2016 Francis Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia
Jaime Spengler, O.F.M. Brazil September 6, 1960 64 December 8, 2024 Francis Archbishop of Porto Alegre
Luis José Rueda Aparicio Colombia March 3, 1962 62 September 30, 2023 Francis Archbishop of Bogotá
Victor Manuel Fernández Argentina July 18, 1962 62 September 30, 2023 Francis Prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith
Paulo Cezar Costa Brazil July 20, 1967 57 August 27, 2022 Francis Archbishop of Brasília

 

EUROPE

Name Country Born Age Consistory Made Cardinal By Office
Christoph Schönborn, O.P. Austria January 22, 1945 79 February 21, 1998 St. John Paul II Archbishop of Vienna
Fernando Vérgez Alzaga, L.C. Spain March 1, 1945 79 August 27, 2022 Francis President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
Carlos Osoro Sierra Spain May 16, 1945 79 November 19, 2016 Francis Archbishop Emeritus of Madrid
Stanisław Ryłko Poland July 4, 1945 79 November 24, 2007 Benedict XVI Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major
Timothy Peter Joseph Radcliffe, O.P. Great Britain August 22, 1945 79 December 8, 2024 Francis Theologian
Vinko Puljić Bosnia and Herzegovina September 8, 1945 79 November 26, 1994 St. John Paul II Archbishop Emeritus of Vrhbosna
Antonio Cañizares Llovera Spain October 15, 1945 79 March 24, 2006 Benedict XVI Archbishop Emeritus of Valencia
Vincent Gerard Nichols Great Britain November 8, 1945 78 February 22, 2014 Francis Archbishop of Westminster
Mario Zenari Italy January 5, 1946 78 November 19, 2016 Francis Apostolic Nuncio to Syria
Christophe Louis Yves Georges Pierre France January 30, 1946 78 September 30, 2023 Francis Apostolic Nuncio to United States of America
Fernando Filoni Italy April 15, 1946 78 February 18, 2012 Benedict XVI Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
Juan José Omella Omella Spain April 21, 1946 78 June 28, 2017 Francis Archbishop of Barcelona
Francesco Montenegro Italy May 22, 1946 78 February 14, 2015 Francis Archbishop Emeritus of Agrigento
Emil Paul Tscherrig Switzerland February 3, 1947 77 September 30, 2023 Francis Apostolic Nuncio to Italy and San Marino
Giuseppe Betori Italy February 25, 1947 77 February 18, 2012 Benedict XVI Archbishop Emeritus of Florence
António Augusto dos Santos Marto Portugal May 5, 1947 77 June 28, 2018 Francis Bishop Emeritus of Leiria-Fátima
Jozef De Kesel Belgium June 17, 1947 77 November 19, 2016 Francis Archbishop Emeritus of Mechelen-Brussels
Marcello Semeraro Italy December 22, 1947 76 November 28, 2020 Francis Prefect of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
Gerhard Ludwig Müller Germany December 31, 1947 76 February 22, 2014 Francis Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente Portugal July 16, 1948 76 February 14, 2015 Francis Patriarch Emeritus of Lisbon
Giuseppe Petrocchi Italy August 19, 1948 76 June 28, 2018 Francis Archbishop Emeritus of L’Aquila
Josip Bozanić Croatia March 20, 1949 75 October 21, 2003 St. John Paul II Archbishop Emeritus of Zagreb
Anders Arborelius, O.C.D. Sweden September 24, 1949 75 June 28, 2017 Francis Bishop of Stockholm
Kazimierz Nycz Poland February 1, 1950 74 November 20, 2010 Benedict XVI Archbishop of Warsaw
Arthur Roche Great Britain March 6, 1950 74 August 27, 2022 Francis Prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
Kurt Koch Switzerland March 15, 1950 74 November 20, 2010 Benedict XVI Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity
Oscar Cantoni Italy September 1, 1950 74 August 27, 2022 Francis Bishop of Como
Philippe Xavier Christian Ignace Marie Barbarin France October 17, 1950 74 October 21, 2003 St. John Paul II Archbishop Emeritus of Lyon
Dominique François Joseph Mamberti France March 7, 1952 72 February 14, 2015 Francis Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura
Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot, M.C.C.J. Spain June 17, 1952 72 October 5, 2019 Francis Prefect of the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue
Péter Erdő Hungary June 25, 1952 72 October 21, 2003 St. John Paul II Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest
Willem Jacobus Eijk Netherlands June 22, 1953 71 February 18, 2012 Benedict XVI Archbishop of Utrecht
Reinhard Marx Germany September 21, 1953 71 November 20, 2010 Benedict XVI Archbishop of Munich and Freising
Angelo De Donatis Italy January 4, 1954 70 June 28, 2018 Francis Major Penitentiary
Pietro Parolin Italy January 17, 1955 69 February 22, 2014 Francis Secretary of State
Claudio Gugerotti Italy October 7, 1955 69 September 30, 2023 Francis Prefect of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches
Matteo Maria Zuppi Italy October 11, 1955 69 October 5, 2019 Francis Archbishop of Bologna
Rainer Maria Woelki Germany August 18, 1956 68 February 18, 2012 Benedict XVI Archbishop of Cologne
Ladislav Nemet, S.V.D. Serbia September 7, 1956 68 December 8, 2024 Francis Archbishop of Belgrade
Mario Grech Malta February 20, 1957 67 November 28, 2020 Francis Secretary General of the Synod of Bishops
Jean-Claude Hollerich, S.J. Luxembourg August 9, 1958 66 October 5, 2019 Francis Archbishop of Luxembourg
Jean-Marc Noël Aveline France December 26, 1958 65 August 27, 2022 Francis Archbishop of Marseille
Ángel Fernández Artime, S.D.B. Spain August 21, 1960 64 September 30, 2023 Francis Rector Major Emeritus of Salesians
Konrad Krajewski Poland November 25, 1963 60 June 28, 2018 Francis Apostolic Almoner of His Holiness
Grzegorz Ryś Poland February 9, 1964 60 September 30, 2023 Francis Archbishop of Łódź
Augusto Paolo Lojudice Italy July 1, 1964 60 November 28, 2020 Francis Archbishop of Siena-Colle di Val d’Elsa-Montalcino and Bishop of Montepulciano-Chiusi-Pienza
Fabio Baggio, C.S. Italy January 15, 1965 59 December 8, 2024 Francis Under Secretary of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development
José Cobo Cano Spain September 20, 1965 59 September 30, 2023 Francis Archbishop of Madrid
Mauro Maria Gambetti, O.F.M. Conv. Italy October 27, 1965 59 November 28, 2020 Francis Archpriest of St. Peter’s Basilica, Vicar General of His Holiness for Vatican City and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter’s
José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça Portugal December 15, 1965 58 October 5, 2019 Francis Prefect of the Dicastery for Culture and Education
Roberto Repole Italy January 29, 1967 57 December 8, 2024 Francis Archbishop of Turin
François-Xavier Bustillo, O.F.M. Conv. France November 23, 1968 55 September 30, 2023 Francis Bishop of Ajaccio
Baldassare Reina Italy November 26, 1970 54 December 8, 2024 Francis Vicar General of Rome
Rolandas Makrickas Lithuania January 31, 1972 52 December 8, 2024 Francis Co-adjutor Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of St. Mary Major
Américo Manuel Alves Aguiar Portugal December 12, 1973 50 September 30, 2023 Francis Bishop of Setúbal

 

AFRICA

Name Country Born Age Consistory Made Cardinal By Office
Robert Sarah Guinea June 15, 1945 79 November 20, 2010 Benedict XVI Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
Jean-Pierre Kutwa Ivory Coast December 22, 1945 78 February 22, 2014 Francis Archbishop Emeritus of Abidjan
Philippe Nakellentuba Ouédraogo Burkina Faso December 31, 1945 78 February 22, 2014 Francis Archbishop Emeritus of Ouagadougou
John Njue Kenya January 1, 1946 78 November 24, 2007 Benedict XVI Archbishop Emeritus of Nairobi
Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel, C.M. Ethiopia July 14, 1948 76 February 14, 2015 Francis Archbishop of Addis Abeba
Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson Ghana October 11, 1948 76 October 21, 2003 St. John Paul II Chancellor of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences
Arlindo Gomes Furtado Cape Verde November 15, 1949 74 February 14, 2015 Francis Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde
Cristóbal López Romero, S.D.B. Morocco May 19, 1952 72 October 5, 2019 Francis Archbishop of Rabat
Désiré Tsarahazana Madagascar June 13, 1954 70 June 28, 2018 Francis Archbishop of Toamasina
Stephen Brislin South Africa September 24, 1956 68 September 30, 2023 Francis Archibishop of Cape Town
Antoine Kambanda Rwanda November 10, 1958 65 November 28, 2020 Francis Archbishop of Kigali
Fridolin Ambongo Besungu, O.F.M. Cap. Democratic Republic of the Congo January 24, 1960 64 October 5, 2019 Francis Archbishop of Kinshasa
Protase Rugambwa Tanzania May 31, 1960 64 September 30, 2023 Francis Archbishop of Tabora
Ignace Bessi Dogbo Ivory Coast August 17, 1961 63 December 8, 2024 Francis Archbishop of Abidjan
Jean-Paul Vesco, O.P. Algeria March 10, 1962 62 December 8, 2024 Francis Archbishop of Algiers
Peter Ebere Okpaleke Nigeria March 1, 1963 61 August 27, 2022 Francis Bishop of Ekwulobia
Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla South Sudan January 10, 1964 60 September 30, 2023 Francis Archbishop of Juba
Dieudonné Nzapalainga, C.S.Sp. Central African Republic March 14, 1967 57 November 19, 2016 Francis Archbishop of Bangui

 

ASIA

Name Country Born Age Consistory Made Cardinal By Office
Oswald Gracias India December 24, 1944 79 November 24, 2007 Benedict XVI Archbishop of Bombay
George Alencherry India April 19, 1945 79 February 18, 2012 Benedict XVI Major Archbishop emeritus of Ernakulam-Angamalhy for Syro-Malabars
Joseph Coutts Pakistan July 21, 1945 79 June 28, 2018 Francis Archbishop Emeritus of Karachi
Albert Malcolm Ranjith Patabendige Don Sri Lanka November 15, 1947 76 November 20, 2010 Benedict XVI Archbishop of Colombo
Charles Maung Bo, S.D.B. Myanmar October 29, 1948 76 February 14, 2015 Francis Archbishop of Yangon
Louis Raphaël I Sako Iraq July 4, 1948 76 June 28, 2018 Francis Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans
Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda Japan March 3, 1949 75 June 28, 2018 Francis Archbishop of Osaka-Takamatsu
Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovithavanij Thailand June 27, 1949 75 February 14, 2015 Francis Archbishop Emeritus of Bangkok
Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo Indonesia July 9, 1950 74 October 5, 2019 Francis Archbishop of Jakarta
Sebastian Francis Malaysia November 11, 1951 72 September 30, 2023 Francis Bishop of Penang
Lazzaro You Heung-sik South Korea November 17, 1951 72 August 27, 2022 Francis Prefect of the Dicastery for the Clergy
Jose Fuerte Advincula Philippines March 30, 1952 72 November 28, 2020 Francis Archbishop of Manila
Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário Ferrão India January 20, 1953 71 August 27, 2022 Francis Archbishop of Goa e Damão
Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle Philippines June 21, 1957 67 November 24, 2012 Benedict XVI Pro-Prefect of the Dicastery for Evangelization
William Goh Seng Chye Singapore June 25, 1957 67 August 27, 2022 Francis Archbishop of Singapore
Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi, S.V.D. Japan November 1, 1958 66 December 8, 2024 Francis Archbishop of Tokyo
Pablo Virgilio Siongco David Philippines March 2, 1959 65 December 8, 2024 Francis Bishop of Kalookan
Baselios Cleemis (Isaac) Thottunkal India June 15, 1959 65 November 24, 2012 Benedict XVI Major Archbishop of Trivandrum for Syro-Malankaras
Stephen Chow Sau-yan, S.J. China August 7, 1959 65 September 30, 2023 Francis Bishop of Hong Kong
Anthony Poola India November 15, 1961 62 August 27, 2022 Francis Archbishop of Hyderabad
Dominique Joseph Mathieu, O.F.M. Conv. Iran June 13, 1963 61 December 8, 2024 Francis Archbishop of Tehran-Ispahan
Pierbattista Pizzaballa, O.F.M. Jerusalem April 21, 1965 59 September 30, 2023 Francis Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
Virgilio do Carmo da Silva, S.D.B. East Timor November 27, 1967 56 August 27, 2022 Francis Archbishop of Díli
George Jacob Koovakad India August 11, 1973 51 December 8, 2024 Francis Official of the Secretariat of State
Giorgio Marengo, I.M.C. Mongolia June 7, 1974 50 August 27, 2022 Francis Apostolic Prefect of Ulaanbaatar

 

OCEANIA

Name Country Born Age Consistory Made Cardinal By Office
John Atcherley Dew New Zealand May 5, 1948 76 February 14, 2015 Francis Archbishop Emeritus of Wellington
John Ribat, M.S.C. Papua New Guinea February 9, 1957 67 November 19, 2016 Francis Archbishop of Port Moresby
Soane Patita Paini Mafi Tonga December 19, 1961 62 February 14, 2015 Francis Bishop of Tonga
Mykola Bychok, C.SS.R. Australia February 13, 1980 44 December 8, 2024 Francis Bishop of the Eparchy of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne for Ukrainians